10.Forest

              On the earth, we can see various plants, and one type of these is tree. I wrote herbaceous plants from 1 week to 9 week, but tree woody plant was not written.

              Woody plant is very deferent from herbaceous plant. It has tough trunk, a lot of blanch, spread its roots and grow up. Its trunk is similar to herbaceous plants when it is young. However it became bigger by it grow up. Almost it becomes to have leaves and buds. Its buds make flowers. It breeds almost by seeds. Its height is so long width. For example, a kind of eucalyptus in Australia is 130m. On the other hand, for instance, cowberry is very small tree. Its height is from 10cm to 40cm.

              The forest has various effects. In the first, it fosters many creatures and there is big good chain. In the second, there are made rich soil from fallen leaves and feces and corpse of creature. And, the roots of trees protect to flow out of this soil. In the third, trees and rich soil work as dam. They store rain water, and flow out water little by little. In the forth, forest absorb CO2 and emit O2 that is photosynthesis. The forest power is very important for the natural environment.

              Recently, deforestation is advanced various places. The forest is crowed many high trees. The half of land is occupied by the forest. So, deforestation is very big problem. First cause of deforestation is commercial logging by advanced nations. The developing nations is logged a lot of forests, and almost these trees use advanced nations. Second cause of deforestation is building up industrial park, farmland and resort.

              Japan is covered in one of the largest scale of forest all over the world. Japanese green space ratio is the second highest of advanced nations. However, Japan import the third most of the wood all over the world. In 1960s, Japan cut and imported this from Philippine. In 1970s, Japan did and did this from Indonesia. Recently, Japan import woods from Russia, Canada, America, Malaysia and China etc. Furthermore, for example, Malaysian forests are constantly decreasing in order to make vegetable oils and fruits which are to import.

              In conclusion, I think plant is very important for our life and animals lives. So, we have to protect plant. This problem is all people all over the world should think. The advanced nations specially must think this, and must make an effort to solve this.

http://www.chikyumura.org/environmental/earth_problem/deforestation.html

http://www.shinrin-ringyou.com/forest_world/menseki_gensyou.php

9.The toxic plants

　　　　On the earth, we can see various plants, and one type of those plants is toxic plants. The toxic plant is that it has poison on a part of its body or all of its body. Sometimes it is called a poisonous herb, but contain woody plant is called toxic plants.

              The toxic plant inhabit in various place all over the world. Its poison is a lot of types. When human or animals touch or eat, the strong poisons are cause inflammation, develop symptoms of poisoning, convulsion, vomiting etc. Sometimes they are died by poisons. Also, the weak poisons are cause a little pain, feel hot taste or bitter taste. However, the toxic plants are sometimes valuable. A few of them are eaten. For example, a ginkgo nuts and a potato are toxic plants which are eaten. They are eaten after they are processed. Also, some toxic plants are medicinal plants. However, the medicinal plants become poisons when we use over fixed amounts. The plants that are not eaten and especially they have strong poisons are called toxic plants. So, the toxic plants are not so many species.

              The toxic plants are used various things. They are used killing insects and poisons arrows which use hunting. Also, the famous thing is a mosquito repellent coil.

              The difference of poisonous or nonpoisonous is classified by a kind of animal species. For instance, the Welsh onion and the onion that are eaten frequently by human and are not poisonous for human are poisonous for dogs and cats because they don’t have processing power of the Welsh onion and the onion. So, they may be emerged severe trouble. Contrary to this, except for human usually eat one thing, but this may be poisonous.

              Also, the toxic plants sometimes influence interesting effects for the plants in survival strategy. The danaid butterflies eat toxic plants when they are young and they store its components. So, a kind of animals which eat insects feel distaste. Because of this, when the denaid butterflies are adults, they are not eaten by them. The insects which have these effects are tend to warning coloration because a same kind insects became hard to be eaten.

              The toxic plants are very interesting plants. They have various effects. And, we may be died by their poisons. So, we have to be care for them. However, they are sometimes used good for animals and other plants. I think we should have more knowledge of them.

Refernce: http://www.st.rim.or.jp/~samacha/CareF/DietF/Toxic1.html

              http://home.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/honce/defense.htm

Amiri Baraka

              He died at 79 in January 9, 2014. He was a black person writer of poetry and so on. He was born at Newark in America in 1934. His works were seen many people all over the world. His first poetry was published in 1961. His famous works are, for example, “blues people” is non-fiction and especially relating to the beginning of the free jazz movement in 1963. His writing style was a little nationalism because he related deeply to human rights campaign that is Malcolm X and so on. For instance, Dutchman and The Slave are characteristic products. Then, his writer name changed from “Leroi Jones” to “Amiri Baraka” when his religion became Islam and he divorced white wife. In 1960s and 1970s, he worked in order to spread black person cultures. But, he admired Marxism in 1980s. So, he separated from his built organization that worked these. After that he had been said to spread the right of black person and supported black was received discrimination. However the class of black person society was separated. So, his works criticized the middle class black person who admired value of white person and his position was difficult. Finally, he had been worked in order to spread the right of black person by written things.  

8.Photosynthesis

The plants have various properties. I search the plants of a power of photosynthesis. The plants effect the environment so much. So, we protect plants, and advance to increase the number of plants. As a result of this activity, I hope to change good the environment of all over the world.

The photosynthesis is researched very long time. I search the history of them. The history of the photosynthesis research began in a study on nourishment of the plant in 1648. This research is the importance of the water in the growth of the plant. Pliestley found the plants produce oxygen in 1772 and Ingenhousz checked this and found this phenomenon performed only in the green leaf and stem which the sunlight hit in 1779. The importance of CO2 in photosynthesis was revealed by Senebier in 1782 and Saussure in 1804. Saussure attested the plants were formed CO2 and H2O. Chlorophyll is concerned with photosynthesis was recognized in 1837. After this, the research of light had been main point. In 1954, Calvin-Benson cycle was found. Later research have been found that much.

Next, I will explain the basically photosynthesis system. In short, photosynthesis is breath in CO2, and the plants change it to organic matter. In detail, the first, absorb CO2 and a plant change CO2 for organic matter. This reaction happen at stroma in a chloroplast and it is called Calvin-Benson cycle. NADPH and ATP are used in Calvin-Benson cycle. And, photochemical reaction of the light energy supply them to plants. So, this reaction need the light energy. The second, when plants use light energy, they absorb light. The photosynthetic pigments conduct this system. They are chlorophyll, carotenoid and phycobilin and so on. Many molecules of them gather and bind to the protein and these form an antenna which is concentrated on the light. When one of the antenna absorb the light, the pigment have energy. This situation is called excitation condition. The pigment that is in excitation condition hand over next to one. The energy form to circulate through the pigment in the antenna round and round and when energy finally passes to the special photosynthesis pigment that is called the reaction center, an oxidation-reduction reaction is caused. This oxidation-reduction make NADPH. The third, in the fact, electron transport reaction in itself that is written above accept a part in synthesis of ATP. This system is very complicated. So, I can’t understand definitely. These are the basic photosynthesis system.

Finally, the plants effect to environment so much. CO2 must not increase too much. We should protect plants because they have photosynthesis system.

http://www.keirinkan.com/kori/kori_biology/kori_biology_2_kaitei/contents/bi-2/1-bu/1-3-1.htm

http://www.photosynthesis.jp/shikumi.html