Nelson Mandela

Nelson Mandela was born in Republic of North Africa on 18 July, 1918. In 1944, after he graduated from university, he established young union of African National Congress. And, he married Evelyn Mase, a nurse. They had two sons and two daughters. They divorced in 1958. In 1952, he established a low office with Oliver Tambo. This is the first a low office of a black person in Republic of North Africa. During 1950s and former 1960s, he was often arrested because he did political activities against apartheid.

At the end of 1952 he was banned for the first time. As a restricted person he was only able to secretly watch as the Freedom Charter was adopted at Kliptown on 26 June 1955.

Nelson Mandela was arrested in a countrywide police swoop of 156 activists on 5 December 1955, which led to the 1956 Treason Trial. Men and women of all races found themselves in the dock in the marathon trial that only ended when the last 28 accused, including Mr. Mandela were acquitted on 29 March 1961.

On 21 March 1960 police killed 69 unarmed people in a protest at Sharpeville against the pass laws. This led to the country’s first state of emergency on 31 March and the banning of the ANC and the Pan Africanist Congress on 8 April. Nelson Mandela and his colleagues in the Treason Trial were among the thousands detained during the state of emergency.

During the trial in 1958 Nelson Mandela married a social worker Winnie Madikizela. They had two daughters and divorced in 1996.

On 11 June 1964 Nelson Mandela was convicted and the next day was sentenced to life imprisonment. He was sent to Robben Island.

On 31 March 1982 Nelson Mandela was transferred to Pollsmoor Prison in Cape Town. Later Nelson Mandela initiated talks about an ultimate meeting between the apartheid government and the ANC.

In 1988 he was treated for Tuberculosis and was transferred on 7 December 1988 to a house near Paarl. He was released from its gates on Sunday 11 February 1990, nine days after the unbanning of the ANC and the PAC and nearly four months after the release of the remaining Rivonia comrades. Throughout his imprisonment he had rejected at least three conditional offers of release.

Nelson Mandela immersed himself into official talks to end white minority rule and in 1991 was elected ANC President to replace his ailing friend Oliver Tambo. In 1993 he and President FW de Klerk jointly won the Nobel Peace Prize and on 27 April 1994 he voted for the first time in his life.

On 10 May 1994 he was inaugurated South Africa’s first democratically elected President. On his 80th birthday in 1998 he married Graça Machel, his third wife.

True to his promise Nelson Mandela stepped down in 1999 after one term as President.

He died 5 December 2013. Nelson Mandela never wavered in his devotion to democracy, equality and learning. Despite terrible provocation, he never answered racism with racism.

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