7.Cleaning Water

The plants are used for various ways. I search the plants of a power of cleaning water. The plants effect the environment so much. So, we should use this power more effectively. This power may use the area of the water is dirty in a developing countries.

 

Cleaning Water Area

There are many systems of cleaning water. The first, coming suspended solid to place that living plants in water, the plants work as contact substance and stimulate settle down. The second, the existence of plants in water make more microbes and this advance to BOD removal which is the quantity of the plants need for oxidative destruction called for biochemical oxygen demand. If BOD removal point is large, the water is dirty. The third, coming nitrogen to place that living plants in water, the plants decompose ammonia or other nitrogen compound. These mineral salts are absorbed and removed. This reaction is only happened under aerobic condition. The high nitrogen removing function is taken place by the oxygen transport from plant’s roots. The forth, if microbes change organic matter to inorganic substance, the plants absorb inorganic substance. In this way, the phosphorus in the water is removed. The other system is that growth of phytoplankton is lower by existence of plant group, because they cut off sunlight.

 

The System of Cleaning Water

The merits of cleaning water system by using plants are making possible to remove nitrogen and phosphorus, the growth of phytoplankton is lower by existence of plant group, using for the low density water area is possible, saving energy because using solar energy, not required the high support and control system.

The demerits of cleaning water system by using plants are influenced dealing abilities by weather condition, implying large land, re-elution nitrogen and phosphorus happens when I do not carry out the cutting down of the plant body.

Some plants face to a crisis phase. For example, in near the rice field, there is ordinary living plant in the water. But, nowadays, the herbicide is used various area. So, the plants are killed and getting fewer. And, waterweeds are brought in from overseas and multiply in Japan. As a result, the Japanese waterweeds are selected and decreased.

Finally, I think cleaning water by using plants should more and more develop this system. So, the researchers and companies make the effort to resolve the demerits of this system. I want to build up effective system in the future. I’m looking forward to materialize this targets.

http://www.see.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp/wb/home/database/gainen.htm

http://www.koiwai.co.jp/~mizube/waterpur.html

Nelson Mandela

Nelson Mandela was born in Republic of North Africa on 18 July, 1918. In 1944, after he graduated from university, he established young union of African National Congress. And, he married Evelyn Mase, a nurse. They had two sons and two daughters. They divorced in 1958. In 1952, he established a low office with Oliver Tambo. This is the first a low office of a black person in Republic of North Africa. During 1950s and former 1960s, he was often arrested because he did political activities against apartheid.

At the end of 1952 he was banned for the first time. As a restricted person he was only able to secretly watch as the Freedom Charter was adopted at Kliptown on 26 June 1955.

Nelson Mandela was arrested in a countrywide police swoop of 156 activists on 5 December 1955, which led to the 1956 Treason Trial. Men and women of all races found themselves in the dock in the marathon trial that only ended when the last 28 accused, including Mr. Mandela were acquitted on 29 March 1961.

On 21 March 1960 police killed 69 unarmed people in a protest at Sharpeville against the pass laws. This led to the country’s first state of emergency on 31 March and the banning of the ANC and the Pan Africanist Congress on 8 April. Nelson Mandela and his colleagues in the Treason Trial were among the thousands detained during the state of emergency.

During the trial in 1958 Nelson Mandela married a social worker Winnie Madikizela. They had two daughters and divorced in 1996.

On 11 June 1964 Nelson Mandela was convicted and the next day was sentenced to life imprisonment. He was sent to Robben Island.

On 31 March 1982 Nelson Mandela was transferred to Pollsmoor Prison in Cape Town. Later Nelson Mandela initiated talks about an ultimate meeting between the apartheid government and the ANC.

In 1988 he was treated for Tuberculosis and was transferred on 7 December 1988 to a house near Paarl. He was released from its gates on Sunday 11 February 1990, nine days after the unbanning of the ANC and the PAC and nearly four months after the release of the remaining Rivonia comrades. Throughout his imprisonment he had rejected at least three conditional offers of release.

Nelson Mandela immersed himself into official talks to end white minority rule and in 1991 was elected ANC President to replace his ailing friend Oliver Tambo. In 1993 he and President FW de Klerk jointly won the Nobel Peace Prize and on 27 April 1994 he voted for the first time in his life.

On 10 May 1994 he was inaugurated South Africa’s first democratically elected President. On his 80th birthday in 1998 he married Graça Machel, his third wife.

True to his promise Nelson Mandela stepped down in 1999 after one term as President.

He died 5 December 2013. Nelson Mandela never wavered in his devotion to democracy, equality and learning. Despite terrible provocation, he never answered racism with racism.

http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8D%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%83%A9

http://www.jlp.net/letter/980515h.html

http://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/exhibit/%E3%83%8D%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3-%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%83%A9-%E5%B9%BC%E5%B0%91%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3/gRmTCoYE?hl=ja&position=19%2C0

http://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/exhibit/%E3%83%8D%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3-%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%83%A9-%E5%88%91%E5%8B%99%E6%89%80%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3/gRkC01Qr?hl=ja

http://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/exhibit/%E3%83%8D%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3-%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%83%A9-%E5%A4%A7%E7%B5%B1%E9%A0%98%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3/gRldz1Bz?hl=ja

http://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/exhibit/%E3%83%8D%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3-%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%83%A9-%E8%8B%A5%E8%80%85/gRnQHV4-?hl=ja

6.Plants medicine

The plants are used for various ways. I search how to use the plants as a resource. For example, they are used for medicine, food, and fuel. I especially search that they used for medicine this post.

The medicine are produced by plants exist about between 50 thousands to 70 thousands. About 21% of them that is 15thousands species are in a crisis phase. A rate of Japanese importation of medicinal use plants is about 88%. This rate is the forth all over the world. The problem is how to resolve that medicinal use plants are in a crisis phase. Nowadays, because the plants medicine is under these environments, a lot of them are cultivated. Wild plants medicine is uneven quality. However, they are good quality. Some of them are dangerous medicine. For example, if we take a lot of morphine, we have terrible side effects. But, if, we take a few them, we are caused good effect.  

Glycyrrhiza

The history of medicinal use plants is from 1770s. Before that time, in both the Orient and the Occident, people use plants for medicine. However, the plants of effective ingredients didn’t uniform. The researchers thought if they could take out these ingredients and they used necessary quantity, would take good result for patients. So, they have been researched hard this thing.

The forms of medical plants are various types. The first way is to use plants ordinary state. The second way is using plants which are processed a little. This is called for crude drugs. The third way is to change plants for essence. For example, there is Chinese medicine preparation. The forth way is making medicines by extracting from plants that are active ingredients and isolating from them. The fifth way is making medicines by extracting from plants of active ingredients and changing chemical forms.

Recently, medical plant condition has been changing. A lot of doctors found the problems of Western medicine. So, Oriental medicine is reevaluated. However, we should not think that all of plants medicine are effective for our body, and plants medicine is effective however to use them. The medicine has good and bad points. The plants medicine have possibility of bring our body disadvantages as same as chemical medicine.

            Finally, I think medical plants are used a lot of ways. At first, I imagined Chinese medicine preparation. However, there are various kinds of medical plants. We should take medicine accurately and our body make better. I think “Good medicine tastes bitter” is very good phrases. 

Quotation:

http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Glycyrrhiza_glabra_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-207.jpg

http://www.eisai.co.jp/museum/herb/familiar/medicine.html